What lab tests detect HCC?

 What lab tests detect HCC?

The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requires imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or angiography to visualize the liver mass. However, there are also some laboratory tests that can help in detecting HCC or monitor its progression.

One of the most commonly used tests for detecting HCC is the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test. AFP is a protein produced by fetal liver cells, and its levels decrease after birth. In adults, AFP levels are normally very low, but they can rise in certain conditions, including HCC. However, AFP is not specific to HCC, and elevated levels can also be seen in other liver diseases or non-cancerous conditions.

Other laboratory tests that may be used in the diagnosis of HCC include liver function tests (LFTs), which measure the levels of enzymes and proteins produced by the liver, such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin. LFTs can help determine how well the liver is functioning and whether there is any damage or inflammation.

Additionally, genetic tests may be used to analyze DNA mutations that are commonly found in HCC. These tests can help identify specific mutations or gene expressions that are associated with HCC and may be used to determine the best treatment approach.

It is important to note that laboratory tests alone cannot diagnose HCC, and imaging studies are required to confirm the presence of a liver mass and determine whether it is cancerous. Moreover, laboratory tests are not used to stage HCC, which requires imaging and other diagnostic procedures.